Hi Yue 🙂
that's an impressive topic. Thank's for that.
Without reading the links... in my opinion it's difficult to define what does "equal" mean.
Yes it is a fact that in average women earn less then men for the same work. Besides that we don't know is there the same qualification and the same framework conditions (ex: full time/part time). In addition we don't know the private target. For example one person get a lower challenged job to fulfill the private tasks in the family.
In my private situation, my wife earns near 20% more then me. Why? Cause of her education, workload and beeing excelent in her job. It's okay for me, so I handle more of our private tasks and we are fine with our private distribution.
However there are two points I want to mark out, what I think it is important for that both genders have the same opportunities:
1. Same education: Unfortunately, there are still many countries where education is unequal between the sexes. The gender role model is that women stay at home and therefore do not need a good education. In my opinion, both must receive the same education to have the same opportunities.
2. Quotas in senior (management) positions: The social picture that we still have in Europe is from the 19th century. Women have to stay home, growing up children, are the weaker gender etc. So in my opinion we need obligatory quotas for women in visible position to change the actual social picture we have. Of course it would become problematic if there is not the same qualification between men and women for the same position, but taking point 1 into account, the difference should be equalized 🙂